As an example in contrast, the researchers pointed to the treatment of diabetes and hypotension. With diabetes, patients are empowered to monitor and treat themselves with glucose meters and instructions for adjusting insulin treatment. For hypotension, however, patients must routinely visit a medical professional to check their blood pressure and adjust medications.

Developing toolkits for patients empower them to take an active role in care, lowers healthcare costs, and in many cases has led to improved outcomes, according to the researchers.